Thorough understanding of steel rail response to wheel load is a key step towards design and evaluation of the railway track structure. In current practice, maximum vertical deflection and bending moment are calculated using the theory of infinite beam on continuous elastic foundation (Winkler model), in which the foundation stiffness is assumed as constant. However, variation of track modulus ...

a characteriation of continuity of the $p$-$lambda$-variation function is given and the helly's selection principle for $lambda bv^{(p)}$ functions is established. a characterization of the inclusion of waterman-shiba classes into classes of functions with given integral modulus of continuity is given. a useful estimate on modulus of variation of functions of class $lambda bv^{(p)}$ is found.

the main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. therefore, railway track desig...

The main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. Numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. Therefore, railway track desig...

A characteriation of continuity of the $p$-$Lambda$-variation function is given and the Helly's selection principle for $Lambda BV^{(p)}$ functions is established. A characterization of the inclusion of Waterman-Shiba classes into classes of functions with given integral modulus of continuity is given. A useful estimate on modulus of variation of functions of class $Lambda BV^{(p)}$ is found.

the track stiffness experienced by a train will vary along the track. sometimes the stiffness variation may be very large within a short distance. one example is when an unsupported sleeper is hanging in the rail. track stiffness is then, locally at that sleeper, very low. at insulated joints the bending stiffness of the rail has a discontinuity implying a discontinuity also of the track stiffn...

the most important quality indicator of fruits is the flesh firmness which is well correlated to their young’s modulus. in this research variation of vibration characteristics (shape modes, natural frequency) of apple due to change of material characteristics (density, young's models, poisson ratio) and apple volume was investigated using finite element simulation. an image processing technique...